BBC Learnings · Section 3

Bats Friend or foe

For centuries, the relationship between humans and bats has been complex. In some cultures, bats are depicted as vampires,

Level: B1 · 82 sentences

Transcript

  1. For centuries, the relationship between humans and bats has been complex.
  2. In some cultures, bats are depicted as vampires,
  3. associated with Halloween, witches and dark, scary places.
  4. In others, they're considered messengers of the gods.
  5. Bats play an important part in stories and myths from around the world.
  6. And a large illuminated bat signal, shining in the night sky,
  7. can mean only one thing a call for help to the superhero Batman.
  8. So, do we love or hate these furry flying animals?
  9. And with some newspaper headlines identifying bats as the possible source of Covid-19,
  10. Should we think of them as friend or enemy?
  11. We'll be answering all these questions soon,
  12. but first, Neil, time for another interesting bat fact.
  13. Did you know that bats account for one in five of all mammal species?
  14. There's a huge variety of them,
  15. from tiny fruit-eating bats that fit into the palm of your hand,
  16. to giant carnivores or meat-eaters.
  17. That's right. In fact,
  18. it's the variety of bat types that might explain our complex feelings towards them.
  19. So, Sam, my quiz question is this roughly how many different species of bat are there worldwide?
  20. Is it a 1,500, b 2,500, or c 3,500?
  21. I'll say B, two and a half thousand.
  22. OK, Sam, we'll come back to that later in the programme.
  23. Maybe not everyone likes them, but bats do have some friends.
  24. Farmers love them for pollinating their plants.
  25. And medical scientists study them,
  26. hoping to discover the secrets of their anti-ageing and long life.
  27. Dr Winifred Frick is the chief scientist at Bat Conservation International,
  28. a group of environmentalists working to protect bats.
  29. Here she is telling BBC World Service programme The Documentary
  30. about another useful service provided by bats in the United States.
  31. Most bats are insectivorous and they're really important consumers of different kinds of insect pests.
  32. And here in the United States,
  33. it's been estimated that bats provide billions of dollars
  34. every year to the US agricultural industry through their voracious consumption of agricultural pest insects.
  35. Most bats eat only insects they're insectivores.
  36. And that's good news for farmers because they eat many pests
  37. insects or small animals that are harmful or damage crops.
  38. Even better, bats' appetite for these annoying insects is voracious.
  39. very strong and eager.
  40. So far, so good in the friendship between humans and bats.
  41. But then along came the coronavirus pandemic and with it,
  42. newspaper reports that bats might be to blame.
  43. Before we get into this, we need to explain some terms.
  44. The Covid which people around the world have been suffering from is the outbreak virus.
  45. But if you go backwards, there's an intermediary known as the progenitor virus.
  46. Between this and the ancestral virus, which is decades or centuries older.
  47. 99% of scientists would agree that the ancestral virus of Covid-19 came from bats,
  48. but it's the go-between progenitor virus that everyone is searching for now.
  49. One of the scientists leading this search is Linfa Wang,
  50. a professor at Duke Medical School, who is known as the Batman of Singapore.
  51. Here he is explaining his work to BBC World Services, the documentary.
  52. Of course, you know,
  53. the holy grail right now for COVID-19 is to discover
  54. where is that progenitor virus
  55. and also in which kind of animals or human, right?
  56. And usually the progenitor virus has to be 99.9% identical to the outbreak virus.
  57. And so our study was set up to do that.
  58. If you can catch that virus...
  59. and you demonstrate the genomic sequence is 99.9, then that's brilliant.
  60. Professor Wang thinks that finding the source of COVID-19's progenitor virus would be like finding the Holy Grail.
  61. This expression, the Holy Grail,
  62. is associated with the cup believed to have been used by Jesus Christ at his last meal.
  63. It means something extremely difficult to find or get.
  64. If you can discover the progenitor virus, then,
  65. in the words of Professor Wang, that's brilliant!
  66. An exclamation meaning that's very good or amazing.
  67. So, although bats are sometimes wrongly blamed for causing Covid,
  68. they are good friends to farmers,
  69. environmentalists and scientists, as well as vampires.
  70. So, anyway, what was the answer to your quiz question, Neil?
  71. Ah yes, I asked Sam how many different species of bat there are around the world.
  72. What did you say?
  73. I said there were b two and a half thousand different species of bat and was I right?
  74. You were close, Sam,
  75. but the correct answer was a there are one and a half thousand different species of bat around the world.
  76. Let's recap the vocabulary from this programme about the relationship between humans and bats,
  77. starting with carnivores, which are animals that eat meat.
  78. Insectivores, meanwhile, are animals, like most bats, that eat only insects.
  79. A pest is an insect or small animal that is harmful or damages crops.
  80. Bats eat pests voraciously or very eagerly.
  81. The Holy Grail refers to something that's extremely difficult to find or get.
  82. And finally, you can use the phrase that's brilliant to say that's great or amazing.