General video · Level B2 - Part 2

How a Poor Japanese Boy Created Honda

In 1922, a 15 year old boy shows up for his first day at work at a small auto repair shop in Tokyo, Japan.

Level: B2 · 298 sentences

Transcript

In 1922, a 15 year old boy shows up for his first day at work
at a small auto repair shop in Tokyo, Japan.
The owner who questioned if the boy was even meant for this type of business
assigned him to clean the workshop and look after his child instead.
At the time, nobody thought much of it neither did they care
but only because they had no idea who this kid would eventually become.
Fast forward a few decades and that boy Soichiro Honda
was now competing with some of the biggest car brands in the world
while also owning the largest motorbike manufacturer.
This is the story of how one poor Japanese boy went from babysitting children
to building the multi-billion dollar brand with Honda Motors.
The story begins in 1906
in a small poverty ridden village called Tenryu Shizuoka at the foot of Mount Fuji.
It was there that Gihei Honda and his wife welcomed their first son - Soichiro Honda.
Soichiro's father was a local blacksmith from the village
who also fixed bicycles on the side
while his mother was an accomplished weaver.
Raised in difficult economic situations,
Soichiro lost five of his siblings growing up due to health issues.
When Soichiro was eight years old,
he was going about his normal routine in the neighborhood
when he heard a strange rumble that grabbed his attention.
He followed the sound until he came across a big piece of strange machinery rolling along on four wheels.
This machine was a Ford Model T
and Soichiro was left captivated by what he had just witnessed.
"It was the first car I saw."
"What a thrill!"
"I could not understand how it could move under its own power."
"And when it had driven past me, without even thinking why, I found myself chasing it down the road as hard as I could run."
This experience left a mark in his life that would forever change the way he would engage with machines.
He learned how to wet the blades of the farm machinery and repair bicycles.
He was fascinated by all kinds of engines and motors
but Soichiro hated the idea of going to school.
And instead of pursuing a proper education
he spent the majority of his childhood helping his father with his bicycle repair business.
His lack of interest in school affected his grades so terribly
that he used some rubber that he found to forge his family's stamp on his grade reports.
That way, his father wouldn't need to sign the paper and see his grades.
Eventually, he got caught
and his father punished him by making him kneel on his knees for an entire day without lunch.
In 1922, Soichiro came across a magazine ad for a Tokyo-based automobile servicing company called Art Shokai.
He reasoned that since the company was one of the most popular motor car services in the city
they might be in need of new workers.
So he wrote a letter to Art Shokai inquiring about a job
and luckily enough, he received a positive reply.
So at the age of 15, Soichiro dropped out of school,
left home and headed for Tokyo in pursuit of his dreams.
When Soichiro got to Tokyo,
he was overwhelmed to see how fast and different city life was compared to the village he had come from.
When Soichiro arrived, the shop's owner Yuzo Sakakibara had a job already prepared for him.
He was to babysit the owner's child.
Soichiro was disappointed to find that over the next few months, he wasn't making any money
and the only work tasks he was assigned was to carry a baby wrapped around on his back.
The only thing that made him stay was the shame of returning home a failure and facing his parents.
As time went by the owner couldn't keep up with the high demand of his automobile business,
so he finally pulled Soichiro in to help him out.
Even though Soichiro started out doing menial tasks,
he gradually climbed his way up until he became a trusted mechanic at the company.
His talent and dedication eventually caught the attention of the owner,
who decided to take little Soichiro under his wing
and teach him not only mechanical repairs but the business side of the company as well.
Although Sakakibara's repair work included both automobiles and bicycles,
cars were not as popular then as they are today.
Not only were automobiles a luxury that only people of the upper class could afford
but most of the automobiles around at the time were foreign made.
Through his work, Soichiro quickly became familiar with a wide range of automobiles
including Lincolns, Mercedes, Daimlers
and even various motorcycles that were brought into the workshop.
Soichiro poured everything he had into expanding his knowledge and understanding of his craft.
It was through this company that Soichiro was also introduced to the world of motorsports.
Around this time, motorsports were quickly gaining popularity around Europe, America and even Japan.
And in 1923, Sakakibara himself began to build racing cars
with the help of his workers, including Soichiro.
Their first model was the Art Daimler built using a second-hand Daimler engine.
And their second model was the Curtiss.
The Curtiss was made using another second-hand engine from an American Curtiss Biplane
placed on the chassis of another American car, the Mitchell.
This car would go on to race in the 5th Japanese Motorcar Championship in 1924
taking a stunning first position
with Sakakibara's brother as driver and Soichiro as the accompanying engineer.
It was a special experience for the 17 year old boy
and from then on, motorsports became his religion.
In 1926, Soichiro was drafted for military service
but didn't pass the medical exams as they revealed that he was colorblind.
Thus he was excused from the army and was able to keep working at Art Shokai.
By 1928, Yuzo Sakakibara wanted to expand his business
and decided to open a branch of Art Shokai in Hamamatsu.
He believed there was no better man to leave in charge than his young apprentice.
And at the age of 21, Soichiro was called upon to run the new branch.
However, Soichiro's repair shop struggled during the first year,
largely because people didn't want to entrust their cars with someone so new and so young.
So Sochito had to live off the scraps that other repair shops cast aside.
Still, the young man used all the knowledge and skill he had acquired over the years
and in time, he successfully managed to grow his business.
By the 1930s, his new shop had grown from a one-man operation to a staff of 30 people.
The branch grew at an incredible pace during the next few years
and with so much work to be done, Soichiro had to bring his wife in to help run the company.
Even though Soichiro was known as a brilliant mechanic,
he was also a prodigious racing driver
and this was another skill that helped him stand out from his peers.
Inside his shop, Soichiro had built the Hamamatsu race car
in which he managed to set a new speed record by driving it up to 120 kilometers per hour -
a record that stood for 20 years in Japan.
However, racing at the time was far more dangerous than it is today
and in June 1936,
Honda was involved in a serious crash while racing the Hamamatsu in the suburbs of Tokyo and almost died.
Soichiro's left arm was fractured,
his shoulder was dislocated and his face was damaged.
Despite spending a couple of months at the hospital nursing his injuries,
Soichiro returned to the racetrack only four months later.
His family however was unhappy with his return to racing
and after several arguments with his wife and father, Soichiro never raced again.
By 1936, Honda became tired and weary of his repair work.
He wanted to do more and was planning to move on to manufacturing car parts.
He proposed turning the Art Shokai Hamamatsu branch into a separate company for this purpose
but the shareholders of the company disagreed with him.
The investors saw that the current orders and workload from the repair shop were bringing in enough profit
and they didn't want to take a gamble on a venture they believed was unnecessary.
So Soichiro decided to open his own company to manufacture piston rings
and founded the Tokai Seiki Heavy Industry
and made one of his close friends Shichiro Kato the president of his company.
Soichiro and Kato worked tirelessly in their new venture
and together started the Art Piston Ring Research Center.
Soichiro in particular was still working at his Hamamatsu branch
spending his days at the repair workshop and his nights developing pistons.
For a long time, they struggled to make any breakthrough
and during the next couple of years, Soichiro had worked so much
that he lost a lot of weight causing his face to look emaciated.
All the stress his body and mind were going through made him look like a completely different person.
And after a series of failures Soichiro decided to enroll as a part-time student
at the Hamamatsu Industrial Institute
to improve his knowledge of metallurgy.
It wasn't until 1939 when Soichiro would finally create a successful working piston.
Confident in his design, he quit his job at Art Shokai
handing the branch off to some of his trainees
and proceeded to work full time at his new company.
Honda began producing pistons day in and day out
but his creations were still flawed and nowhere near the quality they needed to be.
Toyota contacted Soichiro to make pistons for the company
and out of the 50 he submitted, only 3 passed Toyota's standard.
It was a big setback for Soichiro but he didn't give up.
He spent the next few years traveling around Japan
visiting steel-making companies and universities to improve his knowledge of manufacturing piston rings.
After gaining confidence in his knowledge and experience, Soichiro gave it another try.
The result was incredible.
Not only did his new pistons pass quality control
but orders also began to come in from all over the country.
So much so that the company went on to employ around 2000 people
just to catch up with the orders.
Things were starting to look great for Soichiro and his company until...
Japan joined the Pacific War in 1941
and Soichiro's company was placed under the direct command and control of the Ministry of Munitions.
The following year, Toyota took over 45% of the company's equity
and Soichiro was downgraded from president to the position of senior managing director.
Things went from bad to worse as many male employees began to resign
as they were drafted for military service
and his company began to struggle.
Soichiro did everything he could to keep his company afloat
but he wasn't ready for what was yet to come.
In 1944, air raid sirens began to intensify in Japan
and it became very obvious that the country was headed towards defeat.
Hamamatsu was in great danger
and Soichiro's company was struck by a direct bomb blast, destroying the factory.
The company would go on to suffer a second misfortune in January 1945
when the Nankai earthquake shook the region and the Iwanta plant collapsed.
Japan eventually surrendered in August 1945
but by then, Soichiro had nearly lost everything.
After the war, Soichiro decided to sell what was left of his company to Toyota
for a sum of 450000 yen
and publicly told everyone that he was going to take some time off to figure out what the future would hold
as Japan was left in ruins.
A year after the war, the country experienced an economic meltdown
that threatened the lives of its citizens.
There was a shortage of food clothing and shelter
and the resources were rationed.
As a result, Soichiro couldn't even find enough gas to drive his car to the market and buy food for his family.
One day, Soichiro came across a generator engine that belonged to the Japanese imperial army
which was used during the war to power up a wireless radio.
He was fascinated with the engine
and after figuring out how it worked, a bright idea came to him.
What would happen if he attached this engine to a bicycle?
By no means was this a new invention.
The practice of clipping a motor onto a bike was common in Europe
and a few of these had even made their way to Japan
but Soichiro knew the country was in desperate need of cheap transportation
and so, in 1946,
Soichiro used his old warehouse to establish the Honda Technical Research Institute
for the sole purpose of figuring out a way to make motorbikes.
There, he and a staff of 12 men followed through with his idea
and successfully managed to put together a motorbike using some engines he found along with other spare parts.
These new bicycles instantly became a hit
and orders began to come in from different parts of the country.
Soon enough, Soichiro was running out of used engines
so he decided to design and develop one of his own.
In 1947, he finished the Type-A engine
and for the very first time, the Honda name was emblazoned on a machine.
Soichiro founded the Honda motor company in 1948
with the initial goal of building motorcycles to help get Japanese workers around.
The only problem was, Soichiro needed more money to expand his production
so he wrote an open letter to all 18000 bicycle shop owners in Japan,
telling them that he had thought of a solution to get Japan moving again.
Out of the 18000 stores he wrote,
he received positive responses from 3000 of them
and they provided him with the money he needed to start making his first shipments.
A year later, the company produced its very first complete motorcycle: the Model D.
Even though the Model D was a big achievement for Honda it was too big and heavy.
And because of this only a few people bought the motorcycle.
Soichiro wasn't satisfied with this,
so he stripped down the motorbike and worked long hours to make another bike that was smaller and lighter.
After three years of trial and error,
he succeeded in building another motorcycle and named it the Super Cub.
The Super Cub was an instant hit and became so successful that it won the emperor's prize.
Honda also joined efforts with investor Takio Fujisawa
who provided the capital he needed as well as financial and marketing strategies.
This partnership became the foundation upon which the Honda motor company was built on.
The Super Cub reached the United States in 1958
with a sticker price of just 295 dollars
which was a quarter of the price of what other American motorcycles cost.
And thanks to the company's marketing and engineering skills,
it soon outsold both Triumph and Harley Davidson in their respective home markets.
But by then, Soichiro had also expanded his motorcycle brand into the racing world.
Racing at the time was more than a sport,
it was the biggest platform for these manufacturing companies to showcase their cars and motorbikes to the rest of the world.
So he traveled all over the world to see the races,
studying and examining all the motorcycles of his competitors.
In fact, throughout his career on the track,
whenever a benchmark was set by one of his competitors,
Honda would take this information home and strive to surpass it.
It was this attitude that took Honda motorcycles from an awful and disappointing finish at their first international race in 1954
to the manufacturer's team prize at the 1959 Isle Of Man TT -
the biggest motorcycle race in the world.
Two years later, Honda would win again at the Isle Of Man TT
and his success on the racetrack put the Honda name on the map.
By the 1960s, Honda had become the biggest motorcycle company in the world.
After the release of the Honda Dream in 1949,
they had produced a total of 10 million motorcycles by 1968.
However, becoming the biggest motorcycle company wasn't enough for Soichiro.
There was another big dream he'd been chasing since he was eight years old
and it was none other than entering the car making industry.
When Soichiro announced he was going into the automobile market,
many people warned him that it was too risky for the company
and that he was better off just making motorcycles.
Around this time, Japan had Nissan, Toyota
and a few other companies, who were competing in the tough world of the automobile market
and Japanese officials tried to convince Soichiro that the country didn't need another car manufacturer
but Soichiro didn't listen to their arguments.
Honda debuted its first automobile in 1963
with the release of the T360 Mini truck -
a small but reliable pickup truck.
Unfortunately, the mini truck never gained much traction
and it was soon followed with the company's first ever sports car: the S-500.
This S-500 was a two-door roadster with a four-speed transmission
capable of reaching 80 miles per hour.
It was a smaller car but it was smooth and easy to drive
but sadly, only around 1300 cars of this model were built,
making it one of the rarest Honda cars ever made.
But just like Soichiro did with his motorcycles,
Honda brought its cars into the racing world.
The Honda RA271 made its formula one debut at the 1964 Belgian Grand Prix.
It only took one year for Honda to achieve a first place victory
at the 1965 Mexican Grand Prix
with their new successor - the RA272.
But despite its early success on the race track,
Honda was nowhere near beating its competitors in the car market,
so they took a break from racing
and turned their attention to building one of the most successful cars in the automobile market -
the Honda Civic.
Honda debuted their new model in 1972
and in the following years, it became one of the most popular cars in the world.
One of the reasons for its success, especially in European and American markets,
was due to the oil crisis of the 1970s.
During this period, shortages of fuel spread all over the world
and to tackle this, Soichiro devised a brand new method for fuel management
called the compound vortex controlled combustion
or CVCC for short.
This allowed people to travel further distances with their car without burning too much fuel.
The Honda Civic also tackled the pollution problem caused by exhaust gases
by adding a catalytic converter to its vehicles,
something that other big automakers didn't consider as much at the time.
And just like that, Honda was rapidly becoming popular in the automobile market.
Even though Americans might have bought the Civic out of necessity,
it was the Honda Accord that really changed the game.
Initially, the Honda Accord debuted as a compact hatchback
but it later expanded to sedans.
This new model contained the same fuel-efficient feature as the Civic
but with a better moderate size and thanks to their wider interior space and comfort,
the Honda Accord would later become one of the best-selling sedans in the automotive history.
At the beginning of the 80s the Honda motor company was the third largest producer of cars in Japan
and by the end of the decade, it was the third biggest car company on the planet.
Soichiro Honda retired from the company in 1973
and later died on the 5th of August 1991.
Looking back on my work,
I feel that I was doing nothing more than mistakes, blunders and serious omissions
but I am proud of the achievements.
Although I did one mistake after another,
my mistakes and failures never occurred for the same reasons.
Honda has now expanded into multiple industries including jets boat engines,
power equipment and robots to name a few.