General video · Level C2

The Stoics

This is a film about Stoicism and why you need more of it in your life because, as people seldom tell you, but we will, quietly...

Level: C2 · 76 sentences

Transcript

  1. This is a film about Stoicism and why you need more of it in your life
  2. because, as people seldom tell you, but we will, quietly...
  3. Stoicism was a philosophy that flourished for 480 years in Ancient Greece and Rome,
  4. and was popular with everyone from slaves to the aristocracy
  5. because, unlike so much philosophy, it was helpful,
  6. helpful when we panic, want to give up, despair and rage at existence.
  7. We still honour this philosophy whenever we think of someone as brave
  8. and - without perhaps quite knowing why - call them 'stoic'.
  9. There are two great philosophers of Stoicism.
  10. The first is the Roman writer and tutor to Nero, Seneca.
  11. He lived between AD 4 and AD 65.
  12. That's right, 'tutor to Nero'.
  13. The infamous dictator who slept with his own mother, raped young boys
  14. and, just because he felt like it, asked his old tutor - Seneca - to commit suicide in front of his own family.
  15. And our other guide to Stoicism is the kind and magnanimous Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (AD 121 to 180),
  16. who was forced to spend most of his reign on the edges of the Empire,
  17. fighting off invincible Germanic hordes,
  18. but found time to write one of the greatest works of philosophy - "The Meditations" - in his tent at night.
  19. There are two problems stoicism can help us with in particular.
  20. The first is anxiety.
  21. When you're feeling anxious about something, most people are maddening.
  22. They believe it's their duty to 'cheer you up'.
  23. However intelligent they might otherwise be,
  24. they say things like: "It'll be okay", "Don't worry" even "Cheer up!".
  25. The stoics were appalled.
  26. They hated any kind of consolation that aims to give the listener hope.
  27. Hope is the opium of the emotions and must be stamped out conclusively for a person to stand any chance of inner peace.
  28. Because hope only lifts you up higher for the eventual fall.
  29. The Stoics advised us to take a different path.
  30. To be calm, one has to tell oneself something very dark:
  31. "It will be terrible!"
  32. "I might have to go to prison."
  33. "The lump really could be malign."
  34. "I probably will be fired and humiliated."
  35. "My friends almost certainly will succeed."
  36. But, a huge consoling Stoic BUT,
  37. one must keep in mind that one will, nevertheless, be OK.
  38. OK because in the end, as Marcus Aurelius said: 'We are each of us stronger than we think'.
  39. Prison won't be fun, nor will losing one's job or being made a laughing stock... but one will get through it.
  40. Stoicism emboldens us against the worst fate can throw at us.
  41. And if you really really can't take it, suicide is always an option.
  42. The Stoics mentioned this repeatedly.
  43. Here is Seneca: 'Can you no longer see a road to freedom?
  44. It's right in front of you.
  45. You need only turn over your wrists'.
  46. To build up an impression of one's own resilience,
  47. the Stoics suggested one regularly rehearse worst-case scenarios.
  48. For example, twice a year, one should take off one's smart clothes, get into some dirty rags,
  49. sleep on a rug in the kitchen floor and eat only stale bread and rainwater from an animal's bowl
  50. and thereby, you'll make an amazing discovery,
  51. as Marcus Aurelius put it:
  52. "Almost nothing material is needed for a happy life for he who has understood existence."
  53. Another subject of interest to the Stoics was anger.
  54. Romans were a bad tempered lot.
  55. The Stoics wanted to calm them down but they did so by an unusual route: by intellectual argument.
  56. They proposed that getting angry isn't something you do by nature, because you have a Latin temper
  57. or are somehow inherently hot blooded.
  58. It's the result of being stupid, of having the wrong ideas about life.
  59. Anger stems when misplaced hope smashes into unforeseen reality.
  60. We don't shout every time something bad happens to us,
  61. only when it's bad and unexpected.
  62. For example, you'd never shout just because it started raining,
  63. even though rain can be horrible, because you've learned to expect rain.
  64. The same should apply to everything.
  65. Don't only expect rain, expect betrayal, infamy, sadism, theft, humiliation, lust, greed, spite...
  66. One will stop being so angry when one learns the true facts of the misery of life.
  67. The wise person should aim to reach a state where simply nothing could suddenly disturb their peace of mind.
  68. Every tragedy should already be priced in.
  69. We're gonna leave you with the most beautiful remark that Seneca made
  70. just as Nero's guards were grabbing him and shoving him to a bathroom
  71. where he was meant to take a sharp knife and kill himself.
  72. His wife Paulina and two children were panicking, weeping, clinging to his cloaks.
  73. But Seneca turned to them, pulled a weary smile at them, and simply said:
  74. "What need is there to weep over parts of life?"
  75. "The whole of it calls for tears."
  76. We have much to learn from the Stoics.