BBC Learnings · Section 6

Covid One year on

In this programme, we're talking about something the whole world knows about coronavirus.

Level: C1 · 103 sentences

Transcript

  1. In this programme,
  2. we're talking about something the whole world knows about coronavirus.
  3. Sadly, Covid-19 has been responsible for more than two million deaths globally.
  4. What's believed to have started in the city of Wuhan in China went on to become a pandemic.
  5. a disease that affects many people around the world.
  6. Unsurprisingly, we've discussed this a lot on 6 Minute English,
  7. but over a year on, since the first outbreak,
  8. it's good to take stock,
  9. or look back over the situation and see what we have learnt,
  10. and find out how our knowledge has changed.
  11. Before we do that, Georgina, let's test your knowledge with a question.
  12. In 1918-1919, another major virus, known as Spanish flu,
  13. swept across the world.
  14. Do you know approximately how many people were infected by it?
  15. Was it a 5 million, b 50 million or c 500 million?
  16. Well, I know it was bad,
  17. so I'm going for the awful number of 500 million.
  18. OK. I'll reveal the right answer later on.
  19. Now, back to the current coronavirus pandemic.
  20. It was only at the end of December 2019
  21. when reports of a new flu-like infection first came out of China.
  22. Within weeks, millions of people were in lockdown
  23. as the virus took hold around the world.
  24. Took hold means it became stronger and was difficult to stop.
  25. We all had to change the way we lived
  26. to stop it spreading.
  27. But while we played our part by washing our hands,
  28. wearing masks and staying at home,
  29. some people were busy working for a solution to fight this deadly virus.
  30. You're talking about the scientists, Georgina.
  31. Their response was immediate and it's something the BBC World Service programme Science in Action has been reflecting on.
  32. At the beginning of the outbreak, Jenny Roan,
  33. a virologist from University College London,
  34. spoke to the programme about her concerns
  35. if the virus turned out to be like flu.
  36. Here's what she said.
  37. Seasonal flu is a huge killer.
  38. And if you've probably seen the numbers,
  39. it makes the Wuhan virus look a bit wimpy.
  40. But that's simply because of the sheer number of people that flu infects every year.
  41. And if The Wuhan virus started spreading like that and going all over the world.
  42. You would see a lot of people dead.
  43. This is why people are worried.
  44. So we know flu is a virus that can spread easily
  45. and can affect many, many people.
  46. This is why, at the time,
  47. comparing it with the new coronavirus made Covid look wimpy.
  48. That's a word to describe something or someone that's feeble,
  49. not very strong.
  50. Yes, Jenny called the great or significant number of people affected by flu as sheer numbers.
  51. The fear at the time was if coronavirus spread like flu,
  52. it would kill many people.
  53. Well, we all know what happened next it did spread.
  54. But working behind the scenes,
  55. scientists developed tests we could use to see if we were infected.
  56. But the main challenge was to develop a vaccine
  57. that could stop us becoming infected altogether.
  58. This involved people around the world working together to share information.
  59. This work started straight away and Dr Peter Daszak,
  60. zoologist and president of EcoHealth Alliance,
  61. told the Science in Action programme that this initial
  62. response in China helped with the development of a vaccine.
  63. Despite what everyone says, they had a system to find unusual pneumonia cases.
  64. We now think that that system kicked in,
  65. maybe not on the first actual case of COVID,
  66. but certainly within a couple of months of the first case, it seems.
  67. So that's quite quick.
  68. And then from that point to actually getting a full genome,
  69. genetic sequence of the virus was very quick
  70. and getting that published and publicly available
  71. and then rapidly developing diagnostic tests and vaccines now.
  72. That's really worked well.
  73. So China had a scientific system which kicked in,
  74. or started happening, quite quickly.
  75. Within a few months of the first coronavirus outbreak,
  76. experts began to work out the full genome of the virus.
  77. That's the full amount of genetic information of something.
  78. This genetic information was made publicly available
  79. and helped towards the development of various vaccines that we see now,
  80. which is hopefully our way out of this pandemic.
  81. Let's hope so, Georgina.
  82. The science is amazing and is explained in more
  83. detail in the BBC's Science in Action programme.
  84. But now, let's get back to our quiz question.
  85. Earlier I asked you how many people were infected
  86. by Spanish flu back in 1918-1919?
  87. I guessed 500 million.
  88. Was I right?
  89. You were, Georgina.
  90. An incredible 500 million people around the world were infected
  91. by the Spanish flu virus and over 50 million people died worldwide.
  92. Well, the death toll from coronavirus hasn't been that bad,
  93. but is still a significant number.
  94. OK. Well, we've just time to recap some of the vocabulary we've discussed today,
  95. starting with pandemic a disease that affects many people around the world.
  96. When something took hold, it means it became stronger
  97. and was difficult to stop.
  98. The word wimpy describes something or someone that's feeble
  99. or not very strong.
  100. Something that is sheer is great or significant,
  101. so sheer numbers means a great amount of something.
  102. When something kicks in, it starts to happen.
  103. And a genome is the full amount of genetic information of something.